Public & Private Schooling (K-12)
This page is for parents enrolling children in US schools, from preschool to grade 12, and for families choosing where to live with schools in mind. It covers finding public and private schools, what a district may and may not ask for at enrollment, vaccination records, special education and your rights at school. Our guides to the US school system and choosing a school go into more detail.
Written and verified by the SOSGI Editorial Team · Updated October 7, 2026
Which one do I need?
- You are choosing a home and a school district. Use the NCES public school search to find schools and districts near an address, then ask the district which school serves that address. Our rent or buy guide covers the housing side.
- You are enrolling your child in a public school. The Department of Education page below states that the U.S. Supreme Court has affirmed that citizenship or immigration status cannot be used to bar students from public schools. Ask your district which documents it requires for enrollment. The page also links to a 2014 Justice and Education fact sheet on enrollment documents, but that file was not available at its address when we checked on October 7, 2026, so we do not repeat its details here.
- Your child's vaccination record is from India. School vaccination requirements are set by state law. CDC's State Vaccination Requirements page (dated August 6, 2024) says all states provide medical exemptions, and some state laws also allow religious or philosophical exemptions. Start with the CDC page below, then ask your district which records it accepts.
- Your child is under 5. Head Start Preschool is for children who are 3, or turn 3 by the local school-eligibility date, until school age; Early Head Start is for infants and toddlers under 3. Under the Head Start regulations (45 CFR 1302.12), a child is eligible if, among other grounds, the family's income is at or below the poverty line or the family is eligible for public assistance, and a program must not charge eligible families a fee to take part. In July 2025 HHS published a notice treating Head Start as a 'federal public benefit' under the 1996 welfare law, which limits some benefits by immigration status. SOSGI has not confirmed how that notice applies today; ask the program about its current eligibility rules before you apply.
- Your child may need special education support. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) makes a free appropriate public education available to eligible children with disabilities and ensures special education and related services for them. See the IDEA site below.
- You are considering private school. Use the NCES private school search to check a school's basic facts. NCES states that a school's listing does not mean endorsement and should not be used to infer accreditation, so ask each school about accreditation directly.
Find schools (National Center for Education Statistics)
- NCES: Search for Public Schools ↗
Use it when You want to find public schools and districts by name, street address, city, state or zip code, and see their basic details. The listings come from the federal Common Core of Data for the 2024-2025 and 2025-2026 school years.
- NCES: Search for Private Schools ↗
Use it when You want to look up private schools, including by religious affiliation or by the school associations they belong to.
Enrolling in public school
- U.S. Department of Education: Equal Rights to Public Education Regardless of Immigration/Citizenship Status ↗
Use it when You want the federal position on enrollment and immigration status. The page states that the citizenship or immigration status of students, parents or guardians cannot be used to bar students from public schools. It links to a 2014 Justice and Education fact sheet on proof of residency, proof of age and Social Security numbers; that file was not available at its address when we checked on October 7, 2026.
What happens next: If you believe a district is breaking these rules, the Department's Office for Civil Rights page, linked below, explains how to file a civil rights complaint.
- CDC: State Vaccination Requirements ↗
Use it when You need to match your child's vaccination record to your state's school requirements. The page explains that state laws set the requirements and points to CDC's compilation of state school vaccination laws.
Have ready: Your child's vaccination record.
- Head Start and Early Head Start (HeadStart.gov) ↗
Use it when Your child is under school age and you want the federal Head Start program's own website, run by the Department of Health and Human Services. We could not open the site from outside the US when we checked on October 7, 2026, so we do not describe its contents.
Private and independent schools
- NAIS: Parents' Guide to Independent Schools ↗
Use it when You are considering an independent school and want an overview of admissions and financial aid. NAIS is a nonprofit membership association, and its site labels its school directory 'Find a Member School', so it is not a list of all independent schools.
Your child's rights at school
- IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (U.S. Department of Education) ↗
Use it when Your child has, or may have, a disability and you want to understand special education and early intervention.
- Protecting Student Privacy (FERPA) ↗
Use it when You want to see your child's education records. At a school that receives Department of Education funds, the FERPA regulations give a parent the right to inspect and review the child's education records, and the school must give access within a reasonable time and no later than 45 days after it receives the request. These rights pass to the student when the student turns 18 or starts attending college.
- U.S. Department of Education: Office for Civil Rights ↗
Use it when You believe a school has discriminated against your child, including on the basis of national origin. OCR enforces federal civil rights laws in schools that receive Department of Education funding and explains how to file a complaint.
Looking ahead to college
- NCES: College Navigator ↗
Use it when You want to search US colleges and compare them side by side. For admissions tests, see our SAT and ACT guide.
- Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) ↗
Use it when Your child is preparing for college and is a US citizen or national, a permanent resident, or another noncitizen who meets the federal student aid eligibility rules.
About these resources
Rules, contact details and links can change. We check these pages and update them when we find a change, but please confirm the details on the official site before you act, and do your own research.
Every organization listed here is a government body or a nonprofit we have checked is registered as one. SOSGI has no commercial relationship with any of them: none pays us to be listed, and a listing is not an endorsement of any service they offer. Paid placements on this site are always labeled “Sponsored”.

